We discuss the concepts of Weyl and Riemann frames in the context of metric theories of gravity and state the fact that they are completely equivalent as far as geodesic motion is concerned. We apply this result to conformally flat spacetimes and show that a new picture arises when a Riemannian spacetime is taken by means of geometrical gauge transformations into a Minkowskian flat spacetime. We find out that in the Weyl frame gravity is described by a scalar field. We (...) give some examples of how conformally flat spacetime configurations look when viewed from the standpoint of a Weyl frame. We show that in the non-relativistic and weak field regime the Weyl scalar field may be identified with the Newtonian gravitational potential. We suggest an equation for the scalar field by varying the Einstein-Hilbert action restricted to the class of conformally-flat spacetimes. We revisit Einstein and Fokker’s interpretation of Nordström scalar gravity theory and draw an analogy between this approach and the Weyl gauge formalism. We briefly take a look at two-dimensional gravity as viewed in the Weyl frame and address the question of quantizing a conformally flat spacetime by going to the Weyl frame. (shrink)

We discuss the question of whether or not a general Weyl structure is a suitable mathematical model of space–time. This is an issue that has been in debate since Weyl formulated his unified field theory for the first time. We do not present the discussion from the point of view of a particular unification theory, but instead from a more general standpoint, in which the viability of such a structure as a model of space–time is investigated. Our starting point is (...) the well known axiomatic approach to space–time given by Elhers, Pirani and Schild. In this framework, we carry out an exhaustive analysis of what is required for a consistent definition for proper time and show that such a definition leads to the prediction of the so-called “second clock effect”. We take the view that if, based on experience, we were to reject space–time models predicting this effect, this could be incorporated as the last axiom in the EPS approach. Finally, we provide a proof that, in this case, we are led to a Weyl integrable space–time as the most general structure that would be suitable to model space–time. (shrink)

We present an experimental test of the validity of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons based on the concept put forward a few years ago by Ramberg and Snow. In this experiment we perform a very accurate search of X-rays from the Pauli-forbidden atomic transitions of electrons in the already filled 1S shells of copper atoms. Although the experiment has a simple structure, it poses deep conceptual and interpretational problems. Here we describe the experimental method and recent experimental results, which (...) we interpret as an upper limit for the probability to violate the Pauli Exclusion Principle. We present also future plans to upgrade the experimental apparatus using Silicon Drift Detectors. (shrink)

I offer a commentary and criticism of the work Physical time within human time by Gruber, R. P., Block, R. A., and Montemayor, C. (2022). Front. Psychol. 13:718505. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.718505. Issues in the philosophy of time and the brain construction of time are discussed.

This paper describes a novel pedagogical software program that can be seen as an online companion to one of the standard textbooks of formal natural language semantics, Heim and Kratzer (1998). The Penn Lambda Calculator is a multifunctional application designed for use in standard graduate and undergraduate introductions to formal semantics: Teachers can use the application to demonstrate complex semantic derivations in the classroom and modify them interactively, and students can use it to work on problem sets provided by the (...) teacher. The program supports demonstrations and exercises in two main areas: (1) performing beta reduction in the simply typed lambda calculus; (2) application of the bottom-up algorithm for computing the compositional semantics of natural language syntax trees. The program is able to represent the full range of phenomena covered in the Heim and Kratzer textbook by function application, predicate modification, and lambda abstraction. This includes phenomena such as intersective adjectives, relative clauses and quantifier raising. In the student use case, emphasis has been placed on providing “live” feedback for incorrect answers. Heuristics are used to detect the most frequent student errors and to return specific, interactive suggestions. (shrink)

En este artículo se aborda la cuestión de la ciudadanía y el cosmopolitismo. En primerlugar se señala la necesidad de una lectura de género de la ciudadanía a nivel nacional einternacional. En segundo lugar, se ocupa de la revisión del legado clásico del cosmopolitismoy la propuesta de feminismo internacional de Martha C. Nussbaum. Se concluye quela idea de una ciudadanía nacional y transnacional que ofrecen las concepciones pluralistas,trternacionalistas y de ciudadanía globnl se articula meJor con las demandas de e iudadaníade (...) las mujeres. (shrink)

En el presente documento se c onceptualiza la intervención d esde diferentes acepciones, siendo el sentido psicosocial de la intervención , la opción de sus autores. Lo s avances conceptuales sobre int ervención psicosocial reflexio nan sobre los "planes de desarrollo" municipales colombianos, en co..

Besides their ordinary cardinal and proportional meanings, many and few have been argued to allow for a ‘reverse proportional’ reading. This reading has later been characterised in two opposite directions: Cohen’s reading where the proportion \ matters and Herburger’s where it does not. We develop a compositional analysis that derives the correct truth conditions for both characterisations of Westerståhl-style sentences while maintaining conservativity, assuming a standard syntax/semantics mapping and reducing their context-dependence to mechanisms independently needed for degree constructions in general. (...) In a nutshell, mirroring the decomposition of other degree expressions like tall, many is decomposed into the parametrized determiner many and the operator POS, where POS combines with a contextually salient comparison class C matching the alternatives triggered by some element X\ in the sentence. Non-reverse readings obtain when X\ is external to the original host NP and reverse readings when X\ is internal to the host NP. Cohen’s truth conditions for Westerståhl-style sentences are derived as a reverse proportional reading and Herburger’s interpretation as a sub-case of the non-reverse cardinal reading. (shrink)

We present a distributed control modeling approach for an automated manufacturing system based on the dynamics of one-dimensional cellular automata. This is inspired by the fact that both cellular automata and manufacturing systems are discrete dynamical systems where local interactions given among their elements can lead to complex dynamics, despite the simple rules governing such interactions. The cellular automaton model developed in this study focuses on two states of the resources of a manufacturing system, namely, busy or idle. However, the (...) interaction among the resources such as whether they are shared at different stages of the manufacturing process determines the global dynamics of the system. A procedure is shown to obtain the local evolution rule of the automaton based on the relationships among the resources and the material flow through the manufacturing process. The resulting distributed control of the manufacturing system appears to be heterarchical, and the evolution of the cellular automaton exhibits a Class II behavior for some given disordered initial conditions. (shrink)

In this paper we describe an experimental test of the validity of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (for electrons) which is based on a straightforward idea put forward a few years ago by Ramberg and Snow (Phys. Lett. B 238:438, 1990). We perform a very accurate search of X-rays from the Pauli-forbidden atomic transitions of electrons in the already filled 1S shells of copper atoms. Although the experiment has a very simple structure, it poses deep conceptual and interpretational problems. Here we (...) describe the experimental method and recent experimental results, which we interpret in the framework of quon theory. We also present future plans to upgrade the experimental apparatus using Silicon Drift Detectors. (shrink)

Na linha do recente debate sobre a cidadania surgem novamente algumas questões fundamentais que se nos colocam a propósito do conflito entre liberdade e igualdade. O presente artigo pretende reflectir sobre os problemas de igualdade económica, social e política e as exigências de justiça e de liberdade que os acompanham, tomando como centro as capacidades e as necessidades de cada um. Nesse sentido, a autora recorre sobretudo às aportações de Martha C. Nussbaum e de Iris M. Young. /// Following the (...) thread of the recent debate on citizenship, there are some some fundamental questions that emerge regarding the conflict between liberty and equality. This paper constitutes a reflection about the problems of social, political and economic equality and the demands of justice and liberty that they involve. The analysis is centered on the capabilities and the needs of each person. In order to do this, the author refers in particular the conceptions developed by Martha C. Nussbaum and Iris M. Young. (shrink)

Counting models for a two conjunctive formula $F$, a problem known as $\sharp $2Sat, is a classic $\sharp $P complete problem. Given a 2-CF $F$ as input, its constraint graph $G$ is built. If $G$ is acyclic, then $\sharp $2Sat can be computed efficiently. In this paper, we address the case when $G$ has cycles. When $G$ is cyclic, we propose a decomposition on the constraint graph $G$ that allows the computation of $\sharp $2Sat in incremental way. Let $T$ be (...) a cactus graph of $G$ containing a maximal number of independent cycles, and let $\overline{T}=-E)$ be a subset of frond edges from $G$. The clauses in $\overline{T}$ are ordered in connected components $\{K_1, \ldots, K_r\}$. Each $, i=1,\ldots,r$ is a knot of the graph. The arrangement of the clauses of $\overline{T}$ allows the decomposition of $G$ in knots and provides a way of computing $\sharp $2Sat in an incremental way. Our procedure has a bottom-up orientation for the computation of $\sharp $2Sat. It begins with $F_0 = T$. In each iteration of the procedure, a new clause $C_i \in \overline{T}$ is considered in order to form $F_i = $ and then to compute $\sharp $2Sat$$ based on the computation of $\sharp $2Sat$$. (shrink)

This study aims to diagnose how the cinema of cruelty has been inserted into mainstream culture through the current streaming series, analysing the elements of the eroticism of perversity and the c...

En la presente investigación se valoran las prácticas inclusivas de 6 1 docentes de educación básica de Colima, Sonora y San Luis Potosí adscritos a escuelas urbanas y rurales de México nominadas como exitosas. Se aplicaron varios instrumentos, como la GEPIA, la SACIE, el TEIP, el Cuestionario para Favorecer los Aprendizajes de Mitchell y el Protocolo C ODCA.

La perspectiva de la amistad en la antigüedad tardía constituye un considerable horizonte de reflexión y análisis. Este trabajo pretende delimitar las características singulares de la amistad en el mundo cristiano del s. IV d. C. y, más concretamente, ahondar en el legado epistolar de Paulino de Nola, considerado uno de los grandes referentes de la época patrística, y cuyos postulados reflejan una incidencia notoria de la amistad. Por eso, en un primer momento, ofreceré una visión general de su (...) vida; a continuación, examinaré el tema de la amicitia en su epistolario; finalmente, desentrañaré la noción de amistad epistolar con Agustín de Hipona. (shrink)

In this article, based on the most important William of Ockham’s O. Min. writings, we analyze his ideias concerning the origins of the imperial and secular power. Founded in the Paul’s doctrine omnis potestas a Deo, but enlarged, per homines, and also on the ideas of his Franciscan brothers which lived before, which articulated the concepts of proprietas and domininum, in order to explain the human origins of the both, on the one hand, Ockham refuses not only the hierocratic theory, (...) but also Marsilius of Padua thought about this subject, and, on the other hand, he offers his contribution for this subject, according with which, nor the Empire neither the Estates are completely subordinated to the Church, nor the Church is subordinated for the secular power, because, referring its origins, both, Church and Estates are different origins, the first has a divine proceeding, the others, are immediately a human provenance and, because, in its specific spheres of action the spiritual power and the secular power do not depend one of the other and vice versa.Neste artigo, fundamentado nos principais escritos de Guilherme de Ockham, O. Min., analisamos sua concepção a respeito das origens dos poderes imperial e secular. Ancorado no versículo paulino omnis potestas a Deo, mas ampliado, sed per homines e, igualmente, nas ideias dos confrades que o antecederam, os quais relacionaram entre si os conceitos proprietas e dominium, com vista a explicar as origens humanas dos mesmos, de um lado, ele rebate tanto a teoria hierocrata quanto a de Marsílio de Pádua, relativas ao tema em exame e, de outro, oferece sua contribuição ao mesmo, mediante a qual, nem o Império nem os Estados estão completamente subordinados à Igreja, nem esta está submissa ao poder terreno, porque, quanto às origens de ambos, a Igreja tem uma procedência divina e os Estados e o Império têm imediatamente uma origem humana e, ainda, porque nas esferas respectivas de atuação, os poderes espiritual e secular independem um do outro. (shrink)

Résumé Comme théologie pratique de libération, la prédication romérienne oppose le péché à l’oeuvre dans toute société, à l’importance d’avoir une idée claire du Salut-Libération. L’Ancien Testament lui sert de canevas pour exposer l’intention de Dieu qui est de former un peuple afin qu’il participe à l’édification d’un Règne de justice et de paix. Il insiste sur l’importance d’avoir une vision déterminée de la personne et de la mission du Jésus historique et du Christ ressuscité. Cela implique une restauration du (...) vécu ecclésial conçu désormais comme une présence organique et mystique du Christ dans l’histoire. C’est alors que les chrétiens et le peuple conscients de cette mission peuvent devenir les hérauts de Dieu par leurs attitudes et leur parole prophétique.As a practical liberation theology, Romero’s preaching opposes sin at work in the whole of society, in order to have a clear idea of salvation-liberation. The Old Testament served as the background against which he depicted the intention of God, that is, to create a people that can participate in the construction of a kingdom of justice and peace. He insists on the importance of having a clear vision of the person and mission of the historical Jesus and of the resurrected Christ. This implies a real ecclesial restoration conceived from now on as an organic and mystical presence of Christ in history. It is then that Christians and people conscious of this mission can become heralds of God as a result of their attitudes and their prophetic word. (shrink)

El artículo trata sobre la idea de san Agustín, presente en algunas obras escritas entre los años 394 y 395, de la autónoma posibilidad de la voluntad humana de comenzar el camino de la salvación con la fe y la plegaria, basando la admisión de esta parcial autonomía de la voluntad en las preocupaciones suscitadas en él por el problema de la predestinación. Señala que las probables fuentes literarias son el comentario del Ambrosiáster a la carta a los Romanos y (...) el comentario de Hilario de Poitiers a los salmos. Asimismo se presenta como más verosímil la hipótesis sugerida por la cita de c. ep. Pel. 4.7 y sostenida por alguno, según los cuales los comentarios paulinos atribuidos hoy al Ambrosiáster circulaban bajo el nombre de un cierto Hilario, al que Agustín identificó erróneamente con el obispo galo de Poitiers. La identificación se hizo posible también a causa de la coincidencia de sus doctrinas sobre la gracia y sobre la predestinación. (shrink)

Tras el estudio inicial de R. Bultmann, y pasando por los significativos aportes de S. K. Stowers y C. Song, el extenso reconocimiento por parte de los exégetas paulinos relativo a la presencia del género diatriba en Romanos, no se corresponde con los comentarios generalizantes de los cuales es objeto μὴ γένοιτο en dicha epístola. En este marco, al momento de determinar el sentido de μὴ γένοιτο en Romanos los exégetas paulinos se limitan a: constatar la relación entre μὴ γένοιτο (...) y el género diatriba; mencionar las similitudes entre el uso paulino de μὴ γένοιτο en Romanos y el uso de μὴ γένοιτο por parte de Epicteto en su Disertaciones; proveer una lista de los pasajes en los que se encuentra μὴ γένοιτο en Romanos ; conjeturar, en algunos casos, un ; semítico trasfondo posible destacar que μὴ γένοιτο siempre es antecedido por una pregunta; subrayar la naturaleza enfática de μὴ γένοιτο. (shrink)

Fundada en noviembre de 1962 por Progreso Alfarache, Comunidad Ibérica (C.I.) fue una publicación bimensual que alcanzó los 50 ejemplares. Su último número (49-50) apareció en 1971 compilando cuatro meses (noviembre-febrero). La revista dejó de publicarse por falta de capital; su director había dejado claro desde el primer ejemplar que la empresa cultural era una sin ánimo de lucro: «C.I. no es una empresa comercial». De ahí que sobreviviera gracias a las donaciones y a las suscripciones de sus lectores mostrando (...) coherencia con sus ideales libertarios. A partir del n.º 3 (marzo-abril 1963) se publicitó esa financiación en una pequeña sección denominada «Estado de cuentas de C.L.». Sus dimensiones eran de 22,5cm x 16,5cm y su número de páginas oscilaba entre las 64 de su primer número, las 35 del n.° 15 y las 132 del n.° 29-30. De los números 1 al 7 tuvo como dirección postal el apartado 13721 de México D.F. Fidel Miró fue su primer editor, con Francisco Romero de administrador. Progreso Alfarache -secretario del sindicato de la CNT en México- ejerció de director. El precio de la suscripción anual era el siguiente: 24 pesos para México, 2 dólares norteamericanos para el resto de países de América y 10 nuevos francos para Europa. La empresa que imprimía la revista era Talleres de imprenta de la Editorial Bartomeu Costa-Amic, ubicada en Mesones 14, México D.F. Como corresponsal adminis trativo en Europa, aparece M. Fabra, cuya dirección en Francia era 22 rue Plumet de París. Poco después de la muerte de Progreso Alfarache (acaccida el 20 de febrero de 1964), el equipo cambió. A partir del n.° 8 (enero-febrero 1964), Fidel Miró comenzó a ejercer como director, Feliciano Subero como administrador y como redactores permanentes encontramos a Francisco Romero, Jerónimo García Gallego (antiguo sacerdote republicano exiliado en Cuba), Adolfo Hernández, Antonio Villanueva (Aznar Soler, 2006: 622) y a José Moreno Barrancos. La nueva dirección postal fue Independencia 67-601 de México D.F. y el precio aumentó a 25 pesos en México, permaneciendo invariable para el resto de países (Álvarez, 2017). Por último, otra cuestión de carácter formal que tener en cuenta era el nombre de la revista. De él merece la pena destacar el carácter ibérico de la publicación (Roca-mora Rocamora, 1989: 55-56). Alfarache afirmaba en el primer ejemplar que los dos pueblos, el español y el portugués, sufrían bajo dictaduras a las que había que derrocar en común... (shrink)

As governments around the world imposed lockdowns or stay-at-home measures, people began to feel the stress as time dragged on. There were already reports on some individuals committing suicide. How do governments respond to such a phenomenon? Our main focus is the Philippine government and how it responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we argue that the problem with COVID-19 went forth just dealing with physical health. First, people suffer not just from being infected but the psychological stress (...) of possibly getting the virus and the toll of the government lockdown or quarantine. Second, the Philippine Bayanihan ‘We Heal As One Act’ lacks focus on mental health issues while the government's response seemed to focus on security issues. Third, there are countries around the world that have acted effectively in protecting people’s mental health. Lastly, we propose appropriate measures to help address the people's mental health while still in the pandemic and for a future one. (shrink)

O presente Curso de Introdução ao Estudo do Direito se destaca como significativa contribição do Autor não apenas aos que estão ingressando no apaixonante cenário jurídico, como também a todos os profissionais e estudiosos que desejam aprofundar seus conhecimentos sobre a juridicidade, através de uma linguagem didática, precisa, simples, objetiva e direta, porém sem perder o necessário rigor científico. Com a publicação desta 6a edição, a obra de Paulino Jacques volta a ocupar o lugar que sempre lhe coube na (...) discussão dos principais problemas que envolvem o Direito. (shrink)

O texto apresenta elementos textuais dos escritos do jovem Marx, onde se encontra um núcleo conceitual que trata da problemática relação entre filosofia e mundo. Aspectos teóricos presentes já nos primeiros escritos do filósofo onde fica clara a exigência de promover a interação entre pensamento e realidade, ou seja, tratar da tradição filosófica sem descuidar do trato de temas e dilemas do contexto. Assim, o texto apresenta referências da posição filosófica pela qual Marx faz frente ao caráter especulativo da filosofia (...) alemã, para propor, já na revisão da filosofia política de Hegel, que a crítica do céu se transforme em crítica da Terra. O que singulariza um pensamento dessa natureza é a capacidade emancipatória da filosofia. No lugar da mera contemplação, Marx propõe a possibilidade de realizar a filosofia no mundo. Palavras-chave: Filosofia. Crítica. Ensino. Autonomia. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as transformações societárias oriundas da sociedade de consumo e como o mundo se aglutina por meio dos avanços tecnológicos, da homogeneização da cultura baseada no consumo de massa e dos processos de verticalização provenientes dos que consomem e dos que não podem, mas querem consumir. Num segundo momento, tem como propósito analisar os diferentes padrões de consumo vivenciados no Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina, a partir da implantação da agroindústria na região, na década de (...) 70 (séc. XX). Processos tecnobiológicos implantaram um meio artificial de produtividade, consumo, rapidez e fluidez. O mundo técnico-científico rompeu com o homem natural e sua sabedoria. Restou a obediência às regras da racionalidade e a adaptação ao mercado global. Ele exige a adequação ao proposto. Os mecanismos econômicos e tecnológicos de produção e do consumo local tornaram-se tão complexos e, em alguns aspectos, tão vulneráveis, que perturbações num só ponto da cadeia de interdependência global desarticulam toda uma rede de conexões, afetando, consequentemente, todo o tecido social da região. (shrink)

Unamuno, el filósofo a su pesar.--Ortega filósofo de nuestro tiempo.--Zubiri, un filósofo clásico.--Para la interpretación de una continuidad.--Tres notas.--Dos precursores.